Bicyclo lactone intermediates for prostaglandin analogs

ABSTRACT

Prostaglandin-type compounds with a phenoxy or substituted-phenoxy substituent at the C-16 position are disclosed, with processes for making them. These compounds are useful for a variety of pharmacological purposes, including anti-ulcer, inhibition of platelet aggregation, increase of nasal patency, labor inducement at term, and wound healing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to novel compositions of matter, to novel methodsfor producing those, and to novel chemical intermediates useful in thoseprocesses. Particularly, this invention relates to certain novel analogsof some of the known prostaglandins in which there is a phenoxy orsubstituted-phenoxy substituent at the C-16 position, i.e. on the carbonatom adjacent to the hydroxy-substituted carbon in the methyl-terminatedchain.

The known prostaglandins include, for example, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂),prostaglandin F₂ alpha and beta (PGF₂α and PGF₂β), prostaglandin A₂(PGA₂), prostaglandin B₂ (PGB₂), and the corresponding PG₁ compounds.Each of the above-mentioned known prostaglandins is a derivative ofprostanoic acid which has the following structure and atom numbering:##STR1## See, for example, Bergstrom et al., Pharmacol. Rev. 20, 1(1968), and references cited therein. A systematic name for prostanoicacid is 7-[(2β-octyl)-cyclopent-1α-yl]-heptanoic acid.

PGE₂ has the following structure: ##STR2##

PGF₂α has the following structure: ##STR3## PGF₂β has the followingstructure: ##STR4## PGA₂ has the following structure: ##STR5## PBG₂ hasthe following structure: ##STR6##

Each of the known PG₁ prostaglandins, PGE₁, PGF₁α, PGF₁β, PGA₁, andPGB₁, has a structure the same as that shown for the corresponding PG₂compound except that, in each, the cis carbon-carbon double bond betweenC-5 and C-6 is replaced by a single bond. For example, PGE₁ has thefollowing structure: ##STR7##

In formulas II to VII, as well as in the formulas given hereinafter,broken line attachments to the cyclopentane ring indicate substituentsin alpha configuration, i.e., below the plane of the cyclopentane ring.Heavy solid line attachments to the cyclopentane ring indicatesubstituents in beta configuration, i.e., above the plane of thecyclopentane ring.

Following the conventional numbering of the carbon atoms in theprostanoic acid structure, C-16 designates the carbon atom adjacent tothe hydroxy-substituted carbon atom (C-15).

The side-chain hydroxy at C-15 in formulas II to VII is in Sconfiguration. See, Nature, 212, 38 (1966) for discussion of thestereochemistry of the prostaglandins.

Molecules of the known prostaglandins each have several centers ofasymmetry, and can exist in racemic (optically inactive) form and ineither of the two enantiomeric (optically active) forms, i.e. thedextrorotatory and levorotatory forms. As drawn, formulas II to VII eachrepresent the particular optically active form of the prostaglandinwhich is obtained from certain mammalian tissues, for example, sheepvesicular glands, swine lung, or human seminal plasma, or by carbonyland/or double bond reduction of that prostaglandin. See, for example,Bergstrom et al., cited above. The mirror image of each of formulas IIto VII represents the other enantiomer of that prostaglandin. Theracemic form of a prostaglandin contains equal numbers of bothenantiomeric molecules, and one of formulas II to VII and the mirrorimage of that formula is needed to represent correctly the correspondingracemic prostaglandin. For convenience hereinafter, use of the termsPGE₁, PGE₂, PGE₃, PGF₁α, and the like, will mean the optically activeform of that prostaglandin with the same absolute configuration as PGE₁obtained from mammalian tissues. When reference to the racemic form ofone of those prostaglandins is intended, the word "racemic" or "dl" willprecede the prostaglandin name, thus, racemic PGE₁ or dl-PGF₂α.

PGE₁, PGE₂, and the corresponding PGF.sub.α, PGF.sub.β, PGA, and PGBcompounds, and their esters, acylates, and pharmacologically acceptablesalts, are extremely potent in causing various biological responses. Forthat reason, these compounds are useful for pharmacological purposes.See, for example, Bergstrom et al., cited above. A few of thosebiological responses are systemic arterial blood pressure lowering inthe case of the PGF.sub.β and PGA compounds as measured, for example, inanesthetized (pentobarbital sodium) pentolinium-treated rats withindwelling aortic and right heart cannulas; pressor activity, similarlymeasured for the PGF.sub.α compounds; stimulation of smooth muscle asshown, for example, by tests on strips of guinea pig ileum, rabbitduodenum, or gerbil colon; potentiation of other smooth musclestimulants; antilipolytic activity as shown by antagonism ofepinephrine-induced mobilization of free fatty acids or inhibition ofthe spontaneous release of glycerol from isolated rat fat pads;inhibition of gastric secretion in the case of the PGE and PGA compoundsas shown in dogs with secretion stimulated by food or histamineinfusion; activity on the central nervous system; controlling spasm andfacilitating breathing in asthmatic conditions; decrease of bloodplatelet adhesiveness as shown by platelet-to-glass adhesiveness, andinhibition of blood platelet aggregation and thrombus formation inducedby various physical stimuli, e.g., arterial injury, and variousbiochemical stimuli, e.g., ADP, ATP, serotonin, thrombin, and collagen;and in the case of the PGE and PGB compounds, stimulation of epidermalproliferation and keratinization as shown when applied in culture toembryonic chick and rat skin segments.

Because of these biological responses, these known prostaglandins areuseful to study, prevent, control, or alleviate a wide variety ofdisease and undesirable physiological conditions in birds and mammals,including humans, useful domestic animals, pets, and zoologicalspecimens, and in laboratory animals, for example, mice, rats, rabbits,and monkeys.

For example, these compounds, and especially the PGE compounds, areuseful in mammals, including man, as nasal decongestants. For thispurpose, the compounds are used in a dose range of about 10 μg. to about10 mg. per ml. of a pharmacologically suitable liquid vehicle or as anaerosol spray, both for topical application.

The PGE, PGF.sub.α, and PGA compounds are useful in the treatment ofasthma. For example, these compounds are useful as bronchodilators or asinhibitors of mediators, such as SRS-A, and histamine which are releasedfrom cells activated by an antigen-antibody complex. Thus, thesecompounds control spasm and facilitate breathing in conditions such asbronchial asthma, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia and emphysema.For these purposes, these compounds are administered in a variety ofdosage forms, e.g., orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or liquids;rectally in the form of suppositories; parenterally, subcutaneously, orintramuscularly, with intravenous administration being preferred inemergency situations; by inhalation in the form of aerosols or solutionsfor nebulizers; or by insufflation in the form of powder. Doses in therange of about 0.01 to 5 mg. per kg. of body weight are used 1 to 4times a day, the exact dose depending on the age, weight, and conditionof the patient and on the frequency and route of administration. For theabove use these prostaglandins can be combined advantageously with otheranti-asthmatic agents, such as sympathomimetics (isoproterenol,phenylephrine, ephedrine, etc); xanthine derivatives (theophylline andaminophyllin); and corticosteroids (ACTH and predinisolone). Regardinguse of these compounds see South African Patent No. 68/1055.

The PGE and PGA compounds are useful in mammals, including man andcertain useful animals, e.g., dogs and pigs, to reduce and controlexcessive gastric secretion, thereby reducing or avoidinggastrointestinal ulcer formation, and accelerating the healing of suchulcers already present in the gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose,the compounds are injected or infused intravenously, subcutaneously, orintramuscularly in an infusion dose range about 0.1 μg. to about 500 μg.per kg. of body weight per minute, or in a total daily dose by injectionor infusion in the range about 0.1 to about 20 mg. per kg. of bodyweight per day, the exact dose depending on the age, weight, andcondition of the patient or animal, and on the frequency and route ofadministration.

The PGE, PGF.sub.α, and PGF.sub.β compounds are useful whenever it isdesired to inhibit platelet aggregation, to reduce the adhesivecharacter of platelets, and to remove or prevent the formation ofthrombi in mammals, including man, rabbits, and rats. For example, thesecompounds are useful in the treatment and prevention of myocardialinfarcts, to treat and prevent post-operative thrombosis, to promotepatency of vascular grafts following surgery, and to treat conditionssuch as atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, blood clotting defects due tolipemia, and other clinical conditions in which the underlying etiologyis associated with lipid imbalance or hyperlipidemia. For thesepurposes, these compounds are administered systemically, e.g.,intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, and in the form ofsterile implants for prolonged action. For rapid response, especially inemergency situation, the intravenous route of administration ispreferred. Doses in the range about 0.005 to about 20 mg. per kg. ofbody weight per day are used, the exact dose depending on the age,weight, and condition of the patient or animal, and on the frequency androute of administration.

The PGE, PGF.sub.α, and PGF.sub.β compounds are especially useful asadditives to blood, blood products, blood substitutes, and other fluidswhich are used in artifical extracorporeal circulation and perfusion ofisolated body portions, e.g., limbs and organs, whether attached to theoriginal body, detached and being preserved or prepared for transplant,or attached to the new body. During these circulations and perfusions,aggregated platelets tend to block the blood vessels and portions of thecirculation apparatus. This blocking is avoided by the presence of thesecompounds. For this purpose, the compound is added gradually or insingle or multiple portions to the circulating blood, to the blood ofthe donor animal, to the perfused body portion, attached or detached, tothe recipient, or to two or all of those at a total steady state dose ofabout 0.001 to 10 mg. per liter of circulating fluid. It is especiallyuseful to use these compounds in laboratory animals, e.g., cats, dogs,rabbits, monkeys, and rats, for these purposes in order to develop newmethods and techniques for organ and limb transplants.

PGE compounds are extremely potent in causing stimulation of smoothmuscle, and are also highly active in potentiating other known smoothmuscle stimulators, for example, oxytocic agents, e.g., oxytocin, andthe various ergot alkaloids including derivatives and analogs thereof.Therefore, PGE₂, for example, is useful in place of or in combinationwith less than usual amounts of these known smooth muscle stimulators,for example, to relieve the symptoms of paralytic ileus, or to controlor prevent atonic uterine bleeding after abortion or delivery, to aid inexpulsion of the placenta, and during the puerperium. For the latterpurpose, the PGE compound is administered by intravenous infusionimmediately after abortion or delivery at a dose in the range about 0.01to about 50 μg. per kg. of body weight per minute until the desiredeffect is obtained. Subsequent doses are given by intravenous,subcutaneous, or intramuscular injection or infusion during puerperiumin the range 0.01 to 2 mg. per kg. of body weight per day, the exactdose depending on the age, weight, and condition of the patient oranimal.

The PGA and PGF.sub.β compounds are useful as hypotensive agents toreduce blood pressure in mammals, including man. For this purpose, thecompounds are administered by intravenous infusion at the rate of about0.01 to about 50 μg. per kg. of body weight per minute, or in single ormultiple doses of about 25 to 500 μg. per kg. of body weight total perday.

The PGA compounds and derivatives and salts thereof increase the flow ofblood in the mammalian kidney, thereby increasing volume and electrolytecontent of the urine. For that reason, PGA compounds are useful inmanaging cases of renal disfunction, especially in cases of severelyimpaired renal blood flow, for example, the hepatorenal syndrome andearly kidney transplant rejection. In cases of excessive orinappropriate ADH (antidiuretic hormone; vasopressin) secretion, thediuretic effect of these compounds is even greater. In anephreticstates, the vasopressin action of these compounds is especially useful.Illustratively, the PGA compounds are useful to alleviate and correctcases of edema resulting, for example, from massive surface burns, andin the management of shock. For these purposes, the PGA compounds arepreferably first administered by intravenous injection at a dose in therange 10 to 1000 μg. per kg. of body weight or by intraveneous infusionat a dose in the range 0.1 to 20 μg. per kg. of body weight per minuteuntil the desired effect is obtained. Subsequent doses are given byintravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection or infusion in therange 0.05 to 2 mg. per kg. of body weight per day.

The PGE, PGF.sub.α, and PGF.sub.β compounds are useful in place ofoxytocin to induce labor in pregnant female animals, including man,cows, sheep, and pigs, at or near term, or in pregnant animals withintrauterine death of the fetus from about 20 weeks to term. For thispurpose, the compound is infused intravenously at a dose of 0.01 to 50μg. per kg. of body weight per minute until or near the termination ofthe second stage of labor, i.e., expulsion of the fetus. These compoundsare especially useful when the female is one or more weeks post-matureand natural labor has not started, or 12 or 60 hours after the membraneshave ruptured and natural labor has not yet started. An alternativeroute of administration is oral.

The PGE, PGF.sub.α, and PGF.sub.β compounds are useful for controllingthe reproductive cycle in ovulating female mammals, including humans andanimals such as monkeys, rats, rabbits, dogs, cattle, and the like. Bythe term ovulating female mammals is meant animals which are matureenough to ovulate but not so old that regular ovulation has ceased. Forthat purpose, PGF₂α, for example, is administered systemically at a doselevel in the range 0.01 mg. to about 20 mg. per kg. of body weight ofthe female mammal, advantageously during a span of time startingapproximately at the time of ovulation and ending approximately at thetime of menses or just prior to menses. Intravaginal and intrauterineare alternative routes of administration. Additionally, expulsion of anembryo or a fetus is accomplished by similar administration of thecompound during the first third of the normal mammalian gestationperiod.

As mentioned above, the PGE compounds are potent antagonists ofepinephrine-induced mobilization of free fatty acids. For this reason,this compound is useful in experimental medicine for both in vitro andin vivo studies in mammals, including man, rabbits, and rats, intendedto lead to the understanding, prevention, symptom alleviation, and cureof diseases involving abnormal lipid mobilization and high free fattyacid levels, e.g., diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases, andhyperthyroidism.

The PGE and PGB compounds promote and accelerate the growth of epidermalcells and keratin in animals, including humans, useful domestic animals,pets, zoological specimens, and laboratory animals. For that reason,these compounds are useful to promote and accelerate healing of skinwhich has been damaged, for example, by burns, wounds, and abrasions,and after surgery. These compounds are also useful to promote andaccelerate adherence and growth of skin autografts, especially small,deep (Davis) grafts which are intended to cover skinless areas bysubsequent outward growth rather than initially, and to retard rejectionof homografts.

For these purposes, these compounds are preferably administeredtopically at or near the site where cell growth and keratin formation isdesired, advantageously as an aerosol liquid or micronized powder spray,as an isotonic aqueous solution in the case of wet dressings, or as alotion, cream, or ointment in combination with the usualpharmaceutically acceptable diluents. In some instances, for example,when there is substantial fluid loss as in the case of extensive burnsor skin loss due to other causes, systemic administration isadvantageous, for example, by intravenous injection or infusion,separate or in combination with the usual infusions of blood, plasma, orsubstitutes thereof. Alternative routes of administration aresubcutaneous or intramuscular near the site, oral, sublingual, buccal,rectal, or vaginal. The exact dose depends on such factors as the routeof administration, and the age, weight, and condition of the subject. Toillustrate, a wet dressing for topical application to second and/orthird degree burns of skin area 5 to 25 square centimeters wouldadvantageously involve use of an isotonic aqueous solution containing 1to 500 μg./ml. of the PGB compound or several times that concentrationof the PGE compound. Especially for topical use, these prostaglandinsare useful in combination with antibiotics, for example, gentamycin,neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin, spectinomycin, and oxytetracycline,with other antibacterials, for example, mafenide hydrochloride,sulfadiazine, furazolium chloride, and nitrofurazone, and with corticoidsteroids, for example, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone,and fluprednisolone, each of those being used in the combination at theusual concentration suitable for its use alone.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is a purpose of this invention to provide novel 16-phenoxy and16-(substituted phenoxy) prostaglandin analogs in which there isvariable chain length in the side chains. It is a further purpose toprovide esters, lower alkanoates, and pharmacologically acceptable saltsof said analogs. It is a further purpose to provide novel processes forpreparing said analogs and esters. It is still a further purpose toprovide novel intermediates useful in said processes.

The presently described acids and esters of the 16-phenoxy and16-(substituted phenoxy) prostaglandin analogs include compounds of thefollowing formulas, and also the racemic compounds of each respectiveformula and the mirror image thereof: ##STR8##

In formulas VIII to XXII, g is an integer from 2 to 5, inclusive; M is##STR9## R₁ is hydrogen or alkyl of one to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive,cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive, aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbonatoms, inclusive, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with one, 2, or 3 chloroor alkyl of one to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive; R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen,methyl, or ethyl; T is alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive,fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, or -OR₄ wherein R₄ is alkyl of one to 3carbon atoms, inclusive; and s is zero, one, 2, or 3, with the provisothat not more than two T's are other than alkyl. R₂ and R₃ may be thesame or different.

Formula IX represents 16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₁α when g is 3, M is##STR10## R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen, R₃ is methyl, and s is zero. FormulaXIII represents16-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-16-methyl-2a,2b-dihomo-18,19,20-trinor-PGE₂,methyl ester, when g is 5, M is ##STR11## R₁, R₂, and R₃ are methyl, Tis chloro, and s is 2. Formula XX represents16-(4-fluoro-2,5-xylyloxy)-2,19,20-trinor-15β-13,14-dihydro-PGF₁β,dodecyl ester, when g is 2, M is ##STR12## R₁ is dodecyl, R₂ ishydrogen, R₃ is ethyl, T is fluoro and methyl, and s is 3.

In the name of the formula-IX example above, "18,19,20-trinor" indicatesabsence of three carbon atoms from the hydroxy-substituted side chain ofthe PGF₁α structure. Following the atom numbering of the prostanoic acidstructure, C-18, C-19, C-20 are construed as missing, and the methyleneat C-17 is replaced with a terminal methyl group. Likewise, in theformula-XX example, "2,19,20-trinor" indicates the absence of the C-2carbon atom from the carboxyterminated side chain, and the C-19 and C-20carbon atoms from the hydroxy-substituted side chain. In this system ofnomenclature, the words "nor", "dinor", "trinor", "tetranor", or"pentanor" in the names of the prostaglandin analogs are to be construedas indicating one, two, three, four, or five carbon atoms, respectively,missing from the C-2 to C-4 and C-17 to C-20 positions of the prostanoicacid carbon skeleton.

In the name of the formula-XIII example, "2a,2b-dihomo" indicates twoadditional carbon atoms in the carboxy-terminated side chainspecifically between the C-2 and C-3 carbon atoms. There are, therefore,nine carbon atoms in that side chain instead of the normal seven in theprostanoic acid structure. From the end of the chain to the double bondof the example they are identified as C-1, C-2, C-2a, C-2b, C-3, C-4,and C-5. The carbon atoms connected by the cis double bond are C-5 andC-6, and the carbon atoms between the double bond and the ring are C-6and C-7.

As in the case of formulas II to VII, formulas VIII to XXII, wherein Mis ##STR13## i.e. wherein the hydroxyl is attached to the side chain inalpha configuration, are each intended to represent optically activeprostanoic acid derivatives with the same absolute configuration as PGE₁obtained from mammalian tissues.

Also included within this invention are the 15-epimer compounds offormulas VIII to XXII wherein M is ##STR14## i.e. the C-15 hydroxyl isin beta configuration. Hereinafter "15β" refers to the epimericconfiguration. Thus, "16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-15β-PGF₁α " identifiesthe 15-epimeric compound corresponding to the formula-IX example aboveexcept that it has the beta configuration at C-15 instead of the naturalalpha configuration of 16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₁α.

Each of formulas VIII to XXII plus its mirror image describe a racemiccompound within the scope of this invention. For conveniencehereinafter, such a racemic compound is designated by the prefix"racemic" (or "dl") before its name; when that prefix is absent, theintent is to designate an optically active compound represented by theappropriate formula VIII to XXII.

With regard to formulas VIII to XXII, examples of alkyl of one to 12carbon atoms, inclusive, are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl,hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and isomeric formsthereof. Examples of cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive,which includes alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, are cyclopropyl,2-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl, 2,3-diethylcyclopropyl,2-butylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylcyclobutyl, 3-propylcyclobutyl,2,3,4-triethylcyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopentyl,2-pentylcyclopentyl, 3-tert-butylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, 3-isopropylcyclohexyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl,cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, and cyclodecyl. Examples of aralkylof 7 to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, are benzyl, phenethyl,1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 3-phenylbutyl,2-(1-naphthylethyl), and 1-(2-naphthylmethyl). Examples of phenylsubstituted by one to 3 chloro or alkyl of one to 4 carbon atoms,inclusive, are p-chlorophenyl, m-chlorophenyl, o-chlorophenyl,2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, p-tolyl, m-tolyl, o-tolyl,p-ethylphenyl, p-tertbutylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl,4-chloro-2-methylphenyl, and 2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenyl.

Examples of ##STR15## as defined above are phenyl, (o-, m-, or p-)tolyl,(o-, m-, or p-)ethylphenyl, 2-ethyl-p-tolyl, 4-ethyl-o-tolyl,5-ethyl-m-tolyl, (o-, m-, or p-)-propylphenyl, 2-propyl-(o-, m-,p-)tolyl, 4-isopropyl-2,6-xylyl, 3-propyl-4-ethylphenyl, (2,3,4-,2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, or 2,4,5-)trimethylphenyl, (o-, m-, or p-)fluorophenyl,2-fluoro-(o-, m-, or p-)tolyl, 4-fluoro-2,5-xylyl, (2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-,3,4-, or 3,5-) difluorophenyl, (o-, m-, or p-)-chlorophenyl,2-chloro-p-tolyl, (3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-) chloro-o-tolyl,4-chloro-2-propylphenyl, 2-isopropyl-4-chlorophenyl, 4-chloro-3,5-xylyl,(2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, or 3,5-) dichlorophenyl,4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl, (3-, or 4-)chloro-2-fluorophenyl,α,α,α-trifluoro-(o-, m-, or p-)-tolyl, (o-, m-, or p-)methoxyphenyl,(o-, m-, or p-)ethoxyphenyl, (4- or 5-)chloro-2-methoxyphenyl, and2,4-dichloro-(5- or 6-)methoxyphenyl.

Accordingly, there is provided an optically active compound of theformula ##STR16## or a racemic compound of that formula and the mirrorimage thereof, wherein D is one of the four carbocyclic moieties:##STR17## wherein ˜ indicates attachment of hydroxyl to the ring inalpha or beta configuration; wherein (a) X is trans--CH═CH-- or --CH₂CH₂ --, and Y is --CH₂ CH₂ --, or (b) X is trans--CH═CH-- and Y iscis--CH═CH--; wherein g is an integer from 2 to 5, inclusive; wherein Mis ##STR18## wherein R₁ is hydrogen or alkyl of one to 12 carbon atoms,inclusive, cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive, aralkyl of 7to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with one,2, or 3 chloro or alkyl of one to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive; wherein R₂and R₃ are hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; wherein T is alkyl of one to 3carbon atoms, inclusive, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, or --OR₄wherein R₄ is alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive, and wherein sis zero, one, 2, or 3, with the proviso that not more than two T's areother than alkyl; including the lower alkanoates thereof, and thepharmacologically acceptable salts thereof when R₁ is hydrogen.

Formula XXIII, which is written in generic form for convenience,represents PGE-type compounds when D is ##STR19##

The novel formula VIII-to-XXIII compounds and the racemic compounds ofthis invention each cause the biological responses described above forthe PGE, PGF.sub.α, PGF.sub.β, PGA, and PGB compounds, respectively, andeach of these novel compounds is accordingly useful for theabovedescribed corresponding purposes, and is used for those purposes inthe same manner as described above.

The known PGE, PGF.sub.α, PGF.sub.β, PGA, and PGB compounds are allpotent in causing multiple biological responses even at low doses. Forexample, PGE₁ and PGE₂ both cause vasodepression and smooth musclestimulation at the same time they exert antilipolytic activity.Moreover, for many applications, these known prostaglandins have aninconveniently short duration of biological activity. In strikingcontrast, the novel prostaglandin analogs of formulas VIII to XXIII andtheir racemic compounds are substantially more specific with regard topotency in causing prostaglandin-like biological responses, and have asubstantially longer duration of biological activity. Therefore, each ofthese novel prostaglandin analogs is surprisingly and unexpectedly moreuseful than one of the corresponding above-mentioned knownprostaglandins for at least one of the pharmacological purposesindicated above for the latter, because it has a different and narrowerspectrum of biological potency than the known prostaglandin, andtherefore is more specific in its activity and causes smaller and fewerundesired side effects than when the known prostaglandin is used for thesame purpose. Moreover, because of its prolonged activity, fewer andsmaller doses of the novel prostaglandin analog can frequently be usedto attain the desired result.

To obtain the optimum combination of biological response specificity,potency, and duration of activity, certain compounds within the scope offormulas VIII to XXIII are preferred. For example, it is preferred thatthe hydroxyl at C-15 be in the alpha configuration.

Another preference is that g be 3, i.e. that the carboxy-terminated sidechain contain 7 carbon atoms.

Another preference is that when there is substitution on the phenoxy itbe in the para position.

Still another preference is that R₂ and R₃ be hydrogen or methyl. Bothcan be hydrogen, both can be methyl, or one can be hydrogen and theother methyl. When only one is methyl, C-16 is an asymmetric carbon atomand two isomeric forms exist with respect to the stereochemistry atC-16. That isomer is preferred, for the purposes described herein, whichhas the greater desired biological activity when subjected to testsknown in the art. For example, smooth muscle stimulation is indicated insmooth muscle strip tests (see J. R. Weeks et al., Journal of AppliedPhysiology 25, (No. 6), 783 (1968); and antisecretory activity isindicated in in vivo tests with laboratory animals (see A. Robert,"Antisecretory Property of Prostaglandins," Prostaglandin Symposium ofthe Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Interscience, 1968,pp. 47-54).

Another advantage of the novel compounds of this invention, expeciallythe preferred compounds defined hereinabove, compared with the knownprostaglandins, is that these novel compounds are administeredeffectively orally, sublingually, intravaginally, buccally, or rectally,in addition to usual intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneousinjection or infusion methods indicated above for the uses of the knownprostaglandins. These qualities are advantageous because they facilitatemaintaining uniform levels of these compounds in the body with fewer,shorter, or smaller doses, and make possible self-administration by thepatient.

The 16-phenoxy and 16-(substituted phenoxy) PGE, PGF.sub.α, PFG.sub.β,PGA, and PGB-type analogs encompassed by Formulas VIII to XXIIIincluding their alkanoates, are used for the purposes described above inthe free acid form, in ester form, or in pharmacologically acceptablesalt form. When the ester form is used, the ester is any of those withinthe above definition of R₁. However, it is preferred that the ester bealkyl of one to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive. Of those alkyl, methyl andethyl are especially preferred for optimum absorption of the compound bythe body or experimental animal system; and straight-chain octyl, nonyl,decyl, undecyl, and dodecyl are especially preferred for prolongedactivity in the body or experimental animal.

Pharmacologically acceptable salts of these Formula VIII-to-XXIIIcompounds useful for the purposes described above are those withpharmacologically acceptable metal cations, ammonium, amine cations, orquaternary ammonium cations.

Especially preferred metal cations are those derived from the alkalimetals, e.g., lithium, sodium and potassium, and from the alkaline earthmetals, e.g., magnesium and calcium, although cationic forms of othermetals, e.g., aluminum, zinc, and iron are within the scope of thisinvention.

Pharmacologically acceptable amine cations are those derived fromprimary, secondary, or tertiary amines. Examples of suitable amines aremethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, dibutylamine,triisopropylamine, N-methylhexylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine,allylamine, crotylamine, cyclopentylamine, dicyclohexylamine,benzylamine, dibenzylamine, α-phenylethylamine, β-phenylethylamine,ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and like aliphatic, cycloaliphatic,and araliphatic amines containing up to and including about 18 carbonatoms, as well as heterocyclic amines, e.g., piperidine, morpholine,pyrrolidine, piperazine, and lower-alkyl derivatives thereof, e.g.,1-methylpiperidine, 4-ethylmorpholine, 1-isopropylpyrrolidine,2-methylpyrrolidine, 1,4-dimethylpiperazine, 2-methylpiperidine, and thelike, as well as amines containing water-solubilizing or hydrophilicgroups, e.g., mono-, di-, and triethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine,N-butylethanolamine, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol,2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane,N-phenylethanolamine, N-(p-tert-amylphenyl)diethanolamine, galactamine,N-methylglycamine, N-methylglucosamine, ephedrine, phenylephrine,epinephrine, procaine, and the like.

Examples of suitable pharmacologically acceptable quaternary ammoniumcations are tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium,benzyltrimethylammonium, phenyltriethylammonium, and the like.

The compounds encompassed by Formulas VIII to XXIII are used for thepurposes described above in free hydroxy form or also in the formwherein the hydroxy moieties are transformed to lower alkanoatemoieties, e.g., --OH to --OCOCH₃. Examples of lower alkanoate moietiesare acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, valeryloxy, hexanoyloxy,heptanoyloxy, octanoyloxy, and branched chain alkanoyloxy isomers ofthose moieties. Especially preferred among these alkanoates for theabove described purposes are the acetoxy compounds. These free hydroxyand alkanoyloxy compounds are used as free acids, as esters, and in saltform all as described above.

As discussed above, the compounds of Formulas VIII to XXIII areadministered in various ways for various purposes; e.g., intravenously,intramuscularly, subcutaneously, orally, intravaginally, rectally,buccally, sublingually, topically, and in the form of sterile implantsfor prolonged action. For intravenous injection or infusion, sterileaqueous isotonic solutions are preferred. For that purpose, it ispreferred because of increased water solubility that R₁ in the formulaVIII-to-XXIII compound be hydrogen or a pharmacologically acceptablecation. For subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, sterile solutionsor suspensions of the acid, salt, or ester form in aqueous ornon-aqueous media are used. Tablets, capsules, and liquid preparationssuch as syrups, elixirs, and simple solutions, with the usualpharmaceutical carriers are used for oral sublingual administration. Forrectal or vaginal administration, suppositories prepared as known in theart are used. For tissue implants, a sterile tablet or silicone rubbercapsule or other object containing or impregnated with the substance isused.

The 16-phenoxy and 16-(substituted phenoxy) PGE-, PGF.sub.α -, PGF.sub.β-, PGA-, and PGB-type analogs encompassed by formulas VIII to XXIII areproduced by the reactions and procedures described and exemplifiedhereinafter.

Reference to Charts A and B herein, will make clear the steps forpreparing the formula-XXIV through XXXIV intermediates.

Previously, the preparation of an intermediate bicyclic lactone diol ofthe formula ##STR20## was reported by E. J. Corey et al., J. Am. Chem.Soc. 91, 5675 (1969), and later disclosed in an optically active##STR21## form by E. J. Corey et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 397 (1970).Conversion of this intermediate to PGE₂ and PGF₂α, either in racemic oroptically active form, was disclosed in those publications.

The iodolactone of formula XXIV in Chart A is known in the art (seeCorey et al., above). It is available in either racemic or opticallyactive (+ or -) form. For racemic products, the racemic form is used.For prostaglandins of natural configuration, the laevorotatory form (-)is used.

In Charts A and B, g, M, R₂, R₃, T, and s have the same meanings asdefined above, namely: g is an integer from 2 to 5, inclusive: M is##STR22## R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, T is alkyl of one to3 carbon atoms, inclusive, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, or OR₄wherein R₄ is alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive, and s is zero,one, 2, or 3, with the proviso that not more than two T's are other thanalkyl. In addition, M' is ##STR23## THP is tetrahydropyranyl; Q is##STR24## wherein R₂, R₃, T, and s are as defined above; and ˜represents attachment of hydroxy in alpha or beta configuration.

The formula-XXV compound (Chart A) bears an R₅ O-moiety at the4-position, wherein R₅ is ##STR25## wherein G is alkyl of one to 3carbon atoms, inclusive, phenylalkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive,or nitro, and j is zero to 5, inclusive, provided that not more than twoG's are other than alkyl, and that the total number of carbon atoms inthe G's does not exceed 10 carbon atoms; ##STR26## wherein R₆ is alkylof one to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, ##STR27## wherein G and j are asdefined above; or (4) acetyl. In preparing the formula-XXV compound byreplacing the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group in the 4-position with theacyl group R₅, methods known in the art are used. Thus, an aromatic acidof the formula R₅ OH, wherein R₅ is as defined above, for examplebenzoic acid, is reacted with the formula-XXIV compound in the presenceof a dehydrating agent, e.g. sulfuric acid, zinc chloride, or phosphorylchloride; or an anhydride of the aromatic acid of the formula (R₅)₂ O,for example benzoic anhydride, is used.

Preferably, however, an acyl halide, R₅ Cl, for example benzoylchloride, is reacted with the formula-XXIV compound in the presence of ahydrogen chloride-scavenger, e.g. a tertiary amine such as pyridine,triethylamine, and the like. The reaction is carried out under a varietyof conditions using procedures generally known in the art. Generally,mild conditions are employed, e.g. 20°-60° C., contacting the reactantsin a liquid medium, e.g. excess pyridine or an inert solvent such asbenzene, toluene or chloroform. The acylating agent is used either instoichiometric amount or in excess.

The following examples of R₅ are available as acids (R₅ OH), anhydrides((R₅)₂ O), or acyl chlorides (R₅ Cl): benzoyl; substituted benzoyl, e.g.(2-, 3- or 4-)methylbenzoyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)ethylbenzoyl, (2-, 3-, or4-)-isopropylbenzoyl, 2,4-dimethylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl,2-isopropyltoluyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl, pentamethylbenzoyl,α-phenyl-(2-, 3-, or 4-)toluyl, (2-, 3-, or 4-)-phenethylbenzoyl, 2-,3-, or 4-nitrobenzoyl, (2,4- 2,5- or 3,5-)dinitrobenzoyl,3,4-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzyl, 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzyl,2-nitro-6-phenethylbenzoyl, 3-nitro-2-phenethylbenzoyl; mono-esterifiedphthaloyl, e.g. ##STR28## isophthaloyl, e.g. ##STR29## or terephthaloyl,e.g. ##STR30## (1- or 2-)naphthoyl; substituted naphthoyl, e.g. (2-, 3-,4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-)methyl-1-naphthoyl, (2- or 4-)ethyl-1-naphthoyl,2-isopropyl-1-naphthoyl, 4,5-dimethyl-1-naphthoyl,6-isopropyl-4-methyl-1-naphthoyl, 8-benzyl-1-naphthoyl, (3-, 4-, 5- or8-)nitro-1-naphthoyl, 4,5-dinitro-1-naphthoyl, (3-, 4-, 6-, 7-, or8-)methyl-1-naphthoyl, 4-ethyl-2-naphthoyl, and (5- or8-)nitro-2-naphthoyl; and acetyl. There may be employed, therefore,benzoyl chloride, 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride, 3,5-dinitrobenzyl chloride,and the like, i.e. R₅ Cl compounds corresponding to the above R₅ groups.If the acyl chloride is not available, it is made from the correspondingacid and phosphorus pentachloride as is known in the art. It ispreferred that the R₅ OH, (R₅)₂ O, or R₅ Cl reactant does not havebulky, hindering substituents, e.g. tert-butyl, on both of the ringcarbon atoms adjacent to the carbonyl attaching-site.

The formula-XXVI compound is next obtained by deiodination of XXV usinga reagent which does not react with the lactone ring or the OR₅ moiety,e.g. zinc dust, sodium hydride, hydrazine-palladium, hydrogen and Raneynickel or platinum, and the like. Especially preferred is tributyltinhydride in benzene at about 25° C. with2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) as initiator.

The formula-XXVII compound is obtained by demethylation of XXVI with areagent that does not attack the OR₅ moiety, for example borontribromide or trichloride. The reaction is carried out preferably in aninert solvent at about 0°-5° C.

The formula-XXVIII compound is obtained by oxidation of the --CH₂ OH ofXXVII to --CHO, avoiding decomposition of the lactone ring. Useful forthis purpose are dichromatesulfuric acid, Jones reagent, leadtetraacetate, and the like. Especially preferred is Collins' reagent(pyridine-CrO₃) at about 0°-10° C.

The formula-XXIX compound is obtained by Wittig alkylation of XXXI,using the sodio derivative of the appropriate 2-oxo-3-phenoxy (or3-substituted phenoxy)-alkylphosphonate. The trans enone lactone isobtained stereospecifically (see D. H. Wadsworth et al., J. Org. Chem.Vol. 30, p. 680 (1965)).

In preparing the formula-XXIX compounds of Chart B, certain phosphonatesare employed in the Wittig reaction. These are of the general formula##STR31## wherein R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, being thesame or different; R₇ is alkyl of one to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive; T isalkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive, fluoro, chloro,trifluoromethyl, or --OR₄ wherein R₄ is alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms,inclusive, and s is zero, one, 2, or 3, with the proviso that not morethan two T's are other than alkyl.

As examples of phosphonates useful for this purpose there are: ##STR32##

The phosphonates are prepared and used by methods known in the art. SeeWadsworth et al., reference cited above. Conveniently, the appropriatealiphatic acid ester is condensed with the anion of dimethylmethylphosphonate produced by n-butyllithium. For this purpose, acids ofthe general formula ##STR33## are used in the form of their lower alkylesters, preferably methyl or ethyl. The methyl esters, for example, arereadily formed from the acids by reaction with diazomethane. Thesealiphatic acids of various chain length, with phenoxy orsubstituted-phenoxy substitution within the scope of ##STR34## asdefined above are known in the art or can be prepared by methods knownin the art.

Many phenoxy-substituted acids are readily available, e.g. where R₂ andR₃ are both hydrogen: phenoxy-, (o-, m-, or p-)tolyloxy-, (o-, m-, orp-)ethylphenoxy-, 4-ethyl-o-tolyloxy-, (o-, m-, or p-)propylphenoxy-,(o-, m-, or p-)-t-butylphenoxy-, (o-, m-, or p-)fluorophenoxy-,4-fluoro-2,5-xylyloxy-, (o-, m-, or p-)chlorophenoxy-, (2,3-, 2,4-,2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, or 3,5-)dichlorophenoxy-, α,α,α-trifluoro-(o-, m-, orp-)tolyloxy-, or (o-, m-, or p-)methoxyphenoxyacetic acid; where R₂ ismethyl and R₃ is hydrogen: 2-phenoxy-, 2-(o-, m-, or p-)tolyloxy-,2-(3,5-xylyloxy)-, 2-(p-fluorophenoxy)-, 2-[(o-, m-, orp-)chlorophenoxy]-, 2-[(2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, or3,5-)dichlorophenoxy]-, 2-[(4- or 6-)chloro-o-tolyloxy)-, or2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyloxy)-propionic acid; wherein R₂ and R₃ areboth methyl: 2-methyl-2-phenoxy-, 2-[(o-, m-, orp-)chlorophenoxy]-2-methyl-, or 2-[(2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, or3,5-)dichlorophenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid; where R₂ is ethyl and R₃is hydrogen: 2-phenoxy-, 2-[(o-, m-, or p-)fluorophenoxy]-, 2-[(o-, m-,or p-)chlorophenoxy]-, 2-[(2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, or3,5-)dichlorophenoxy]-, or 2-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxy)-butyric acid;where R₂ is ethyl and R₃ is methyl: 2-methyl-2-phenoxy- or 2-[(o-, m-,or p-)chlorophenoxy]-2-methylbutyric acid.

Other phenoxy substituted acids are available by methods known in theart, for example, by the Williamson synthesis of ethers using analpha-halo aliphatic acid or ester with sodium phenoxide or asubstituted sodium phenoxide. Thus, the methyl ester of2-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-2-methylbutyric acid is obtained by the followingreaction: ##STR35## The reaction proceeds smoothly with heating and theproduct is recovered in the conventional way. The methyl ester is usedfor preparing the corresponding phosphonate as discussed above.

Alternatively, the phosphonate is prepared from an aliphatic acyl halideand the anion of a dialkyl methylphosphonate. Thus,2-methyl-2-phenoxypropionyl chloride and dimethyl methylphosphonateyield dimethyl 2-oxo-3-methyl-3-phenoxybutylphosphonate. The acylhalides are readily available from the aliphatic acids by methods knownin the art, e.g. chlorides are conveniently prepared using thionylchloride.

Continuing with Chart B, the formula-XXX compound is obtained as amixture of alpha and beta isomers by reduction of XXIX. For thisreduction, use is made of any of the known ketonic carbonyl reducingagents which do not reduce ester or acid groups or carbon-carbon doublebonds when the latter is undesirable. Examples of those are the metalborohydrides, especially sodium, potassium, and zinc borohydrides,lithium (tri-tert-butoxy)aluminum hydride, metal trialkoxy borohydrides,e.g., sodium trimethoxyborohydride, lithium borohydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, and when carbon-carbon double bond reduction is not aproblem, the boranes, e.g., disiamylborane.

For production of natural-configuration PG-type compounds, the desired15-alpha form of the formula-XXX compound is separated from the 15-betaisomer by silica gel chromatography.

The formula-XXXI compound is then obtained by deacylation of XXX with analkali metal carbonate, for example potassium carbonate in methanol atabout 25° C.

The bis(tetrahydropyranyl)ether XXXII is obtained by reaction of theformula-XXXI diol with dihydropyran in an inert solvent, e.g.dichloromethane, in the presence of an acid condensing agent such asp-toluenesulfonic acid or pyridine hydrochloride. The dihydropyran isused in excess, preferably 4 to 10 times theory. The reaction isnormally complete in 15-30 min. at 20°-30° C.

The lactol XXXIII is obtained on reduction of the formula-XXXII lactoneor its 15β epimer without reducing the 13,14-ethylenic group. For thispurpose, diisobutylaluminum hydride is used. The reduction is preferablydone at -60° to -70° C. The 15β-epimer of the formula-XXXII lactone isreadily obtained by the steps of Chart B, using the 15β isomer offormula XXX.

The formula-XXXIV compound is obtained from the formula-XXXIII lactol bythe Wittig reaction, using a Wittig reagent derived from the appropriateω-carboxyalkyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, HOOC-(CH₂)_(g+1) -P(C₆ H₅)₃Br, and sodio dimethylsulfinylcarbanide. The reaction is convenientlycarried out at about 25° C. This formula-XXXIV compound serves as anintermediate for preparing either the PGF₂α -type or the PGE₂ -typeproduct (Chart C). The phosphonium compounds are known in the art or arereadily available, e.g. by reaction of an ω-bromoaliphatic acid withtriphenylphosphine.

The formula-XXXV PGF₂α -type product is obtained on hydrolysis of thetetrahydropyranyl groups from the formula-XXXIV compound, e.g. withmethanol-HCl or with acetic acid/water/tetrahydrofuran at 40°-55° C.

Reference to Chart C will make clear the preparation of the PGE₂ -typeproducts. The formula-XXXVI bis(tetrahydropyranyl)ether of the PGF₂α-type products, either as an acid represented by formula XXIV or as anester is oxidized at the 9-hydroxy position, preferably with Jonesreagent. Finally the tetrahydropyranyl groups are replaced withhydrogen, by hydrolysis as in preparing the PGF₂α -type product of ChartB. In Chart C, the symbols g, M, M', Q, and THP have the same meaningsas in Charts A and B; R₁ is hydrogen or alkyl of one to 12 carbon atoms,inclusive, ##STR36## cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive,aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, phenyl, or phenylsub-substituted with one, 2, or 3 chloro or alkyl of one to 4 carbonatoms, inclusive. The esters, wherein R₁ is not hydrogen, are readilyobtained by methods known in the art, e.g. reaction with diazoalkanes.

The formula-VIII PGE₁ and formula-XVIII 13,14-dihydro-PGE₁ type productsof this invention are prepared by ethylenic reduction of theformula-XIII PGE₂ type compounds. Reducing agents useful for thistransformation are known in the art. Thus, hydrogen is used atatmospheric pressure or low pressure with catalysts such as palladium oncharcoal or rhodium on aluminum. See, for example, E. J. Corey et al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 5677 (1969) and B. Samuelsson, J. Biol. Chem. 239,4091 (1964). For the PGE₁ type compounds, the reduction is terminatedwhen one equivalent of hydrogen is absorbed; for the 13,14-dihydro-PGE₁type compounds, when two equivalents are absorbed. The13,14-dihydro-PGE₁ compounds are also obtained by reduction of the PGE₁compounds. For preparing the PGE₁ -type compounds it is preferred that acatalyst such as nickel boride be used which selectively effectsreduction of the cis-5,6-carbon-carbon double bond in the presence ofthe trans-13,14 unsaturation. Mixtures of the products are convenientlyseparated by silica gel chromatography.

Alternatively, the bis(tetrahydropyranyl)ethers of the PGE₂ typecompounds (Formula XXXVI) are reduced and subsequently hydrolyzed toremove the tetrahydropyranyl groups.

Chart D shows transformations from the formula-XXXIX PGE-type compoundsto the corresponding PGF-, PGA-, and ##STR37## PGB-type compounds. Infigures XXXIX, XL, XLI, and XLII of Chart D, g, M, R₂ R₃, T, s, and ˜have the same meanings as in Charts A and B; R₁ has the same meanings asin Chart C; and (a) X is trans--CH═CH-- or --CH₂ CH₂, and Y is --CH₂ CH₂--, or (b) X is trans--CH═CH-- and Y is cis--CH═CH--. When X istrans--CH═CH-- and Y is --CH₂ CH₂ --, formula XXXIX represents PGE₁-type compounds; when X is --CH₂ CH₂ -- and Y is --CH₂ CH₂ --, formulaXXXIX represents 13,14-dihydro-PGE₁ type compounds; and when X istrans--CH═CH-- and Y is cis--CH═CH--, formula XXXIX represents PGE₂-type compounds. Thus, formulas XXXIX, XL, XLI, and XLII embrace all ofthe compounds represented herein by formulas VIII-XXIII.

Thus, the various PGF.sub.β -type compounds encompassed by formulas X,XV, and XX are prepared by carbonyl reduction of the correspondingPGE-type compounds of formulas VIII, XIII, and XVIII, respectively. Forexample, carbonyl reduction of 16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGE₁ gives amixture of 16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₁α and16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₁β. These ring carbonyl reductions arecarried out by methods known in the art for ring carbonyl reductions ofknown prostanoic acid derivatives. See, for example, Bergstrom et al.,Arkiv Kemi 19, 563 (1963), Acta. Chem. Scand. 16, 969 (1962), andBritish Specification No. 1,097,533. Any reducing agent is used whichdoes not react with carbon-carbon double bonds or ester groups.Preferred reagents are lithium(tri-tert-butoxy)aluminum hydride, themetal borohydrides, especially sodium, potassium and zinc borohydrides,the metal trialkoxy borohydrides, e.g., sodium trimethoxyborohydride.The mixtures of alpha and beta hydroxy reduction products are separatedinto the individual alpha and beta isomers by methods known in the artfor the separation of analogous pairs of known isomeric prostanoic acidderivatives. See, for example, Bergstrom et al., cited above, Granstromet al., J. Biol. Chem. 240, 457 (1965), and Green et al., J. LipidResearch 5, 117 (1964). Especially preferred as separation methods arepartition chromatographic procedures, both normal and reversed phase,preparative thin layer chromatography, and countercurrent distributionprocedures.

The various PGA-type compounds encompassed by formulas XI, XVI, and XXIare prepared by acidic dehydration of the corresponding PGE-typecompounds of formulas VIII, XIII, and XVIII. For example, acidicdehydration of 16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGE₂ gives16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGA₂.

These acidic dehydrations are carried out by methods known in the artfor acidic dehydrations of known prostanoic acid derivatives. See, forexample, Pike et al., Proc. Nobel Symposium II, Stockholm (1966),Interscience Publishers, New York, pp. 162-163 (1967); and BritishSpecification No. 1,097,533. Alkanoic acids of 2 to 6 carbon atoms,inclusive, especially acetic acid, are preferred acids for this acidicdehydration. Dilute aqueous solutions of mineral acids, e.g.,hydrochloric acid, especially in the presence of a solubilizing diluent,e.g., tetrahydrofuran, are also useful as reagents for this acidicdehydration, although these reagents may cause partial hydrolysis of anester reactant.

The various PGB-type compounds encompassed by formulas XII, XVII, andXXII are prepared by basic dehydration of the corresponding PGE-typecompounds encompassed by formulas VIII, XIII, and XVIII, respectively,or by contacting the corresponding PGA-type compounds encompassed byformulas XI, XVI, and XXI, respectively, with base. For example, both16-(p-chlorophenoxy)-18,19,20-trinor-13,14-dihydro-PGE₁ and16-(p-chlorophenoxy)-18,19,20-trinor-13,14-dihydro-PGA₁ give16-(p-chlorophenoxy)-18,19,20-trinor-13,14-dihydro-PGB₁ on treatmentwith base.

These basic dehydrations and double bond migrations are carried out bymethods known in the art for similar reactions of known prostanoic acidderivatives. See, for example, Bergstrom et al., J. Biol. Chem. 238,3555 (1963). The base is any whose aqueuos solution has pH greater than10. Preferred bases are the alkali metal hydroxides. A mixture of waterand sufficient of a water-miscible alkanol to give a homogeneousreaction mixture is suitable as a reaction medium. The PGE-type orPGA-type compound is maintained in such a reaction medium until nofurther PGB-type compound is formed, as shown by the characteristicultraviolet light absorption near 278 mμ for the PGB-type compound.

Optically active compounds are obtained from optically activeintermediates according to the process steps of Charts A and B.Likewise, optically active products are obtained by the transformationsof optically active compounds following the processes of Charts C and D.When racemic intermediates are used in reactions corresponding to theprocesses for Charts A-D, inclusive, and racemic products are obtained,these racemic products may be used in their racemic form or, ifpreferred, they may be resolved as optically active isomers byprocedures known in the art.

For example, when final compound VIII to XXIII is a free acid, the dlform thereof is resolved into the d and l forms by reacting said freeacid by known general procedures with an optically active base, e.g.,brucine or strychnine, to give a mixture of two diastereoisomers whichare separated by known general procedures, e.g., fractionalcrystallization, to give the separate diastereoisomeric salts. Theoptically active acid of formula VIII to XXIII is then obtained bytreatment of the salt with an acid by known general procedures.

As discussed above, the stereochemistry at C-15 is not altered by thetransformations of Charts A and B; the 15β epimeric products of formulaXXXV are obtained from 15β formula-XXX reactants. Another method ofpreparing the 15β products is by isomerization of the PGF₁ - or PGE₁-type compounds having 15α configuration, by methods known in the art.See, for example, Pike et al., J. Org. Chem. 34, 3552 (1969).

As discussed above, the processes of Charts B, C, and D lead variouslyto acids (R₁ is hydrogen) or to esters (R₁ is alkyl, cycloalkyl,aralkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, as defined above). When an acidhas been prepared and an alkyl ester is desired, esterification isadvantageously accomplished by interaction of the acid with theappropriate diazohydrocarbon. For example, when diazomethane is used,the methyl esters are produced. Similar use of diazoethane, diazobutane,and 1-diazo-2-ethylhexane, and diazodecane, for example, gives theethyl, butyl, and 2-ethylhexyl and decyl esters, respectively.

Esterification with diazohydrocarbons is carried out by mixing asolution of the diazohydrocarbon in a suitable inert solvent, preferablydiethyl ether, with the acid reactant, advantageously in the same or adifferent inert diluent. After the esterification reaction is complete,the solvent is removed by evaporation, and the ester purified if desiredby conventional methods, preferably by chromatography. It is preferredthat contact of the acid reactants with the diazohydrocarbon be nolonger than necessary to effect the desired esterification, preferablyabout one to about ten minutes, to avoid undesired molecular changes.Diazohydrocarbons are known in the art or can be prepared by methodsknown in the art. See, for example, Organic Reactions, John Wiley andSons, Inc., New York, N.Y., Vol. 8, pp. 389-394 (1954).

An alternative method for esterification of the carboxyl moiety of theacid compounds comprises transformation of the free acid to thecorresponding silver salt, followed by interaction of that salt with analkyl iodide. Examples of suitable iodides are methyl iodide, ethyliodide, butyl iodide, isobutyl iodide, tert-butyl iodide, and the like.The silver salts are prepared by conventional methods, for example, bydissolving the acid in cold dilute aqueous ammonia, evaporating theexcess ammonia at reduced pressure, and then adding the stoichiometricamount of silver nitrate.

The final formula VII-to-XXIII compounds prepared by the processes ofthis invention, in free acid form, are transformed to pharmacologicallyacceptable salts by neutralization with appropriate amounts of thecorresponding inorganic or organic base, examples of which correspond tothe cations and amines listed above. These transformations are carriedout by a variety of procedures known in the art to be generally usefulfor the preparation of inorganic, i.e., metal or ammonium, salts, amineacid addition salts, and quaternary ammonium salts. The choice ofprocedure depends in part upon the solubility characteristics of theparticular salt to be prepared. In the case of the inorganic salts, itis usually suitable to dissolve the formula VIII-to-XXIII acid in watercontaining the stoichiometric amount of a hydroxide, carbonate, orbicarbonate corresponding to the inorganic salt desired. For example,such use of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonategives a solution of the sodium salt. Evaporation of the water oraddition of a water-miscible solvent of moderate polarity, for example,a lower alkanol or a lower alkanone, gives the solid inorganic salt ifthat form is desired.

To produce an amine salt, the formula VIII-to-XXIII acid is dissolved ina suitable solvent of either moderate or low polarity. Examples of theformer are ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate. Examples of the latterare diethyl ether and benzene. At least a stoichiometric amount of theamine corresponding to the desired cation is then added to thatsolution. If the resulting salt does not precipitate, it is usuallyobtained in solid form by addition of a miscible diluent of low polarityor by evaporation. If the amine is relatively volatile, any excess caneasily be removed by evaporation. It is preferred to use stoichiometricamounts of the less volatile amines.

Salts wherein the cation is quaternary ammonium are produced by mixingthe formula VIII-to-XXIII acid with the stoichiometric amount of thecorresponding quaternary ammonium hydroxide in water solution, followedby evaporation of the water.

The final formula VIII-to-XXIII acids or esters prepared by theprocesses of this invention are transformed to lower alkanoates byinteraction of the formula VIII-to-XXIII hydroxy compound with acarboxyacylating agent, preferably the anhydride of a lower alkanoicacid, i.e., an alkanoic acid of two to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive. Forexample, use of acetic anhydride gives the corresponding acetate.Similar use of propionic anhydride, isobutyric anhydride, and hexanoicacid anhydride gives the corresponding carboxyacylates.

The carboxyacylation is advantageously carried out by mixing the hydroxycompound and the acid anhydride, preferably in the presence of atertiary amine such as pyridine or triethylamine. A substantial excessof the anhydride is used, preferably about 10 to about 10,000 moles ofanhydride per mole of the hydroxy compound reactant. The excessanhydride serves as a reaction diluent and solvent. An inert organicdiluent, for example, dioxane, can also be added. It is preferred to useenough of the tertiary amine to neutralize the carboxylic acid producedby the reaction, as well as any free carboxyl groups present in thehydroxy compound reactant.

The carboxyacylation reaction is preferably carried out in the rangeabout 0° to about 100° C. The necessary reaction time will depend onsuch factors as the reaction temperature, and the nature of theanhydride and tertiary amine reactants. With acetic anhydride, pyridine,and a 25° C. reaction temperature, a 12 to 24-hour reaction time isused.

The carboxyacylated product is isolated from the reaction mixture byconventional methods. For example, the excess anhydride is decomposedwith water, and the resulting mixture acidified and then extracted witha solvent such as diethyl ether. The desired carboxyacylate is recoveredfrom the diethyl ether extract by evaporation. The carboxylate is thenpurified by conventional methods, advantageously by chromatography.

By this procedure, the formula VIII, XIII, and XVIII PGE-type compoundsare transformed to dialkanoates, the formula IX, X, XIV, XV, XIX, and XXPGF-type compounds are transformed to trialkanoates, and the formula XI,XVI, and XXI PGA-type and formula XII, XVII, and XXII PGB-type compoundsare transformed to monoalkanoates.

When a PGE-type dialkanoate is transformed to a PGF-type compound bycarbonyl reduction as shown in Chart D, a PGF-type dialkanoate is formedand is used for the above-described purposes as such or is transformedto a trialkanoate by the above-described procedure. In the latter case,the third alkanoyloxy group can be the same as or different from the twoalkanoyloxy groups present before the carbonyl reduction.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The invention can be more fully understood by the following preparationand examples.

All temperatures are in degrees centigrade.

Infrared absorption spectra are recorded on a Perkin-Elmer model 421infrared spectrophotometer. Except when specified otherwise, undiluted(neat) samples are used.

Mass spectra are recorded on an Atlas CH-4 mass spectrometer with a TO-4source (ionization voltage 70 ev).

NMR spectra are recorded on a Varian A-60 spectrophotometer usingsolutions in deuterochloroform or other appropriate solvents withtetramethylsilane as an internal standard (downfield).

"Brine", herein, refers to an aqueous saturated sodium chloridesolution.

Preparation 1

3α-Benzoyloxy-2β-carboxaldehyde-5α-hydroxy-1α-cyclopentaneacetic Acidγ-Lactone (Formula XXVIII: R₅ is benzoyl).

Refer to Chart A. a. To a mixture of formula-XXIV laevorotatory(-)3α-hydroxy-5α-hydroxy-4-iodo-2β-methoxy-methyl-1.alpha.-cyclopentaneaceticacid γ-lactone (E.J. Corey et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 297 (1970), 75g.) in 135 ml. of dry pyridine under a nitrogen atmosphere is added 30.4ml of benzoyl chloride with cooling to maintain the temperature at about20°-40° C. Stirring is continued for an additional 30 min. About 250 ml.of toluene is added and the mixture concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue is dissolved in one liter of ethyl acetate, washed with 10%sulfuric acid, brine, aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate, and brine.The ethyl acetate solution is dried over sodium sulfate and concentratedunder reduced pressure to yield an oil, 95 g. Crystallization of the oilyields the corresponding 3α-benzoyloxy compound, m.p. 84°-86° C.;]α]_(D) +7° (CHCl₃); infrared spectral absorptions at 1768, 1722, 1600,1570, 1490, 1275, 1265, 1180, 1125, 1090, 1060, 1030, and 710 cm⁻¹ ; andNMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) peaks at 2.1-3.45, 3.3, 3.58, 4.38,5.12, 5.51, 7.18-7.58, and 7.83-8.05 δ.

b. The iodo group is removed as follows. To a solution of the abovebenzoyloxy compound (60 g.) in 240 ml. of dry benzene is added2,2'-azobis-(2-methylpropionitrile) (approximately 60 mg.). The mixtureis cooled to 15° C. and to it is added a solution of 75 g. tributylinhydride in 600 ml. of ether, with stirring, at such a rate as tomaintain continuous reaction at about 25° C. When the reaction iscomplete as shown by TLC (thin layer chromatography) the mixture isconcentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The oil is mixed with 600ml. of Skellysolve B (mixed isomeric hexanes) and 600 ml. of water andstirred for 30 min. The water layer, containing the product, isseparated, then combined with 450 ml. of ethyl acetate and enough solidsodium chloride to saturate the aqueous phase. The ethyl acetate layer,now containing the product, is separated, dried over magnesium sulfate,and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil, 39 g. of theiodine-free compound. An analytical sample gives [α]_(D) -99° (CHCl₃);infrared spectral absorptions at 1775, 1715, 1600, 1585, 1490, 1315,1275, 1180, 1110, 1070, 1055, 1025, and 715 cm⁻¹. ; NRM peaks at2.5-3.0, 3.25, 3.34, 4.84-5.17, 5.17-5.4, 7.1-7.5, and 7.8-8.05 δ; andmass spectral peaks at 290, 168, 105, and 77.

c. The 2β-methoxymethyl compound is changed to a hydroxymethyl compoundas follows. To a cold (0.5° C.) solution of the above iodine-freemethoxy-methyl lactone (20 g.) in 320 ml. of dichloromethane undernitrogen is added a solution of 24.8 ml. of boron tribromide in 320 ml.of dichloromethane, dropwise with vigorous stirring over a period of 50min. at 0°-5° C. Stirring and cooling are continued for one hr. When thereaction is complete, as shown by TLC, there is cautiously added asolution of sodium carbonate (78 g.) monohydrate in 200 ml. of water.The mixture is stirred at 0°-5° C. for 10-15 min., saturated with sodiumchloride, and the ethyl acetate layer separated. Additional ethylacetate extractions of the water layer are combined with the main ethylacetate solution. The combined solutions are rinsed with brine, driedover sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil,18.1 g. of the 2β-hydroxymethyl compound. An analytical sample has m.p.116°-118° C.; [α]_(D) -80° (CHC;₃); infrared spectral absorptions at3460, 1735, 1708, 1600, 1580, 1490, 1325, 1315, 1280, 1205, 1115, 1090,1070, 1035, 1025, 730, and 720; and NMR peaks at 2.1-3.0, 3.58,4.83-5.12, 5.2-5.45, 7.15- 7.55, and 7.8-8.0 δ.

d. The title 2β-carboxyaldehyde compound is prepared as follows. To amixture of 250 ml. of dichloromethane and Collins' reagent prepared fromchromium trioxide (10.5 g.) and 16.5 ml. of pyridine, cooled to 0° C., acold solution of the hydroxymethyl compound of step c (5.0 g.) in 50 ml.of dichloromethane is added, with stirring. After 7 min. of additionalstirring, the title intermediate is used directly without isolation (seeExample 1).

Following the procedure of Preparation 1, but replacing that opticallyactive formula-XXIV iodolactone with the racemic compound of thatformula and the mirror image thereof (see E. J. Corey et al., J. Am.Chem. Soc. 91, 5675 (1969)) there is obtained the racemic compoundcorresponding to formula XXVIII.

EXAMPLE 1

3β-Benzoyloxy-5α-hydroxy-2β-(3-oxo-4-phenoxy-trans-1-butenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneaceticAcid, γ-Lactone (Formula XXIX: R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen, R₅ is benzoyl,and s is zero).

Refer to Chart B. a. There is first prepared dimethyl3-phenoxyacetonylphosphonate. A solution of dimethyl methylphosphonate(75 g.) in 700 ml. of tetrahydrofuran is cooled to -75° C. undernitrogen and n-butyllithium (400 ml. of 1.6 molar solution in hexane) isadded, keeping the temperature below -55° C. The mixture is stirred for10 min. and to it is slowly added phenoxyacetyl chloride (44 g.), againkeeping the temperature below -55° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at-75° C. for 2 hrs., then at about 25° C. for 16 hrs. The mixture isacidified with acetic acid and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue is partitioned between diethyl ether and water, and the organicphase is dried and concentrated to the above-named intermediate, 82 g.Further treatment by silica gel chromatography yields an analyticalsample having NMR peaks at 7.4-6.7 (multiplet), 4.78 (singlet), 4.8 and4.6 (two singlets), and 3.4-3.04 (doublet) δ.

b. The phosphonate anion (ylid) is then prepared as follows. Dimethyl3-phenoxyacetonylphosphonate (step a, 9.3 g.) is added in portions to acold (5° C.) mixture of sodium hydride (1.75 g. of 50%) in 250 ml. oftetrahydrofuran, and the resulting mixture is stirred for 1.5 hrs. atabout 25° C.

c. To the mixture of step b is added the cold solution of theformula-XXVIII 2β-carboxaldehyde of Preparation 1, and the resultingmixture is stirred about 1.6 hrs. Then 3 ml. of acetic acid is added andthe mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. A solution isprepared from the residue in 500 ml. of ethyl acetate, washed withseveral portions of water and brine, and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue is subjected to silica gel chromatography, elutingwith ethyl acetate-Skellysolve B (isomeric hexanes) (3:1). Thosefractions shown by TLC to be free of starting material and impuritiesare combined and concentrated to yield the title compound, 1.7 g.; NMRpeaks at 5.0-8.2 and 4.7 (singlet) δ.

Following the procedure of Example 1, but replacing the optically activeformula-XXVIII aldehyde with the racemic aldehyde obtained afterPreparation 1, there is obtained the racemic 3-oxo-4-phenoxy-1-butenylcompound corresponding to formula XXIX.

Following the procedure of Example 1, but replacing phenoxyacetylchloride with each of the following aliphatic acid esters there isobtained the corresponding phosphonate and thence the formula-XXIXlactone wherein R₅ is benzoyl:

methyl 2-phenoxypropionate

methyl 2-methyl-2-phenoxypropionate

ethyl 2-phenoxybutyrate

methyl 2-ethyl-2-phenoxybutyrate

ethyl 2-methyl-2-phenoxybutyrate

methyl 2-(p-tolyloxy)acetate

methyl 2-(p-fluorophenoxy)propionate

ethyl 2-(o,p-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-propionate

ethyl 2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)butyrate and

methyl 2-(m-methoxyphenoxy)-2-methyl-butyrate.

For example, methyl 2-phenoxypropionate yields dimethyl2-oxo-3-phenoxybutylphosphonate and, thence, the formula-XXIX3α-benzoyloxy-5α-hydroxy-2β-(3-oxo-4-phenoxy-trans-1-pentenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneaceticacid γ-lactone. Likewise, ethyl2-(o,p-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methyl-propionate yields dimethyl2-oxo-3-(o,p-dichlorophenoxy)-3-methylbutylphosphonate and, thence, theformula-XXIX3α-benzoyloxy-5α-hydroxy-2β-[3-oxo-4-(o,p-dichlorophenoxy)-4-methyl-trans-1-pentenyl]-1α-cyclopentaneaceticacid γ-lactone.

When the phosphonate contains an asymmetric carbon atom, e.g. when themethylene between the carbonyl and the --O-- is substituted with onlyone methyl or ethyl group, the phosphonate exists in either of twooptically active forms (+ or -) or their racemic (dl) mixture. Anoptically active phosphonate is obtained by starting with an appropriateoptically active isomer of a phenoxy or substituted-phenoxy aliphaticacid. Methods of resolving these acids are known in the art, for exampleby forming salts with an optically active base such as brucine,separating the resulting diastereomers, and recovering the acids.

Following the procedure of Example 1, employing the optically activealdehyde XXVIII of that example, each optically active phosphonateobtained from the list of aliphatic acid esters above in the secondparagraph following Example 1 yields a corresponding optically activeformula-XXIX γ-lactone.

Likewise following the procedure of Example 1, employing the opticallyactive aldehyde XXVIII of that example, each racemic phosphonateobtained from the above-mentioned list of aliphatic acid esters yields apair of diastereomers, differing in their stereochemistry at the fourthcarbon of the phenoxy-terminated side-chain. These diastereomers areseparated by conventional methods, e.g. by silica gel chromatography.

Again following the procedure of Example 1, employing the opticallyactive aldehyde XXVIII of that example, each of the optically inactivephosphonates obtained from the list of aliphatic acid esters abovewherein there is no asymmetric carbon atom, i.e. R₂ and R₃ are the same,yields a corresponding optically active formula-XXIX γ-lactone.

Replacing the optically active aldehyde XXVIII with the racemic aldehydeobtained after Preparation 1, and following the procedure of Example 1using each of the optically active phosphonates described above, thereis obtained in each case a pair of diastereomers which are separated bychromatography.

Likewise following the procedure of Example 1, employing the racemicaldehyde with each of the racemic phosphonates described above, thereare obtained in each case two pairs of 3-oxo-4-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy) racemates which are separated into pairs of racemiccompounds by methods known in the art, e.g. silica gel chromatography.

Again following the procedure of Example 1, employing the racemicaldehyde with each of the optically inactive phosphonates describedabove, there are obtained in each case a racemic product correspondingto formula XXIX.

EXAMPLE 2

3α-Benzoyloxy-5α-hydroxy-2β-(3α-hydroxy-4-phenoxy-trans-1-butenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneaceticAcid, γ-Lactone (Formula XXX: M is ##STR38## and R₅ is benzoyl); and the3β-hydroxy isomer (Formula XXX: M is ##STR39##

Refer to Chart B. Sodium borohydride (1.05 g.) is added in portions to acold (0° C.) mixture of zinc chloride (4.4 g.) and 35 ml. of1,2-dimethoxyethane under nitrogen. Stirring is continued at about 25°C. for 20 hrs. Then the mixture is cooled to -20° C. and theformula-XXIX 3-oxo compound (Example 1, 2.6 g. in 10 ml. of1,2-dimethoxyethane) is added. The mixture is stirred at -20° C. for 6hrs., and at 25° C. for 30 min. The mixture is again cooled to -20° C.and 5 ml. of water is added dropwise. The mixture is shaken with 100 ml.of brine and ethyl acetate and the organic layer is dried andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed onsilica gel, eluting with ethyl acetate-Skellysolve B (isomeric hexanes)(3:1). Those fractions shown by TLC to be free of starting material andimpurities are combined and concentrated to yield the 3α-hydroxy titlecompound, 1.1 g.; NMR peaks at 6.6-8.0, 5.52-5.87, and 3.83 δ. Otherfractions yield the more polar 3β:hydroxy title compound, 0.8 g.; NMRpeaks at 6.6-8.0, 5.52-5.87, and 3.83 δ.

Following the procedure of Example 2, but using the racemic3-oxo-4-phenoxy-1-butenyl compound obtained following Example 1, thereare obtained the corresponding racemic 3-hydroxy products.

Likewise following the procedure of Example 2, each of the opticallyactive or racemic lactones corresponding to formula XXIX describedfollowing Example 1 is transformed to the optically active or racemiccompound corresponding to formula XXX.

EXAMPLE 3

3α,5α-Dihydroxy-2β-(3α-hydroxy-4-phenoxy-trans-1-butenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneacetaldehydeγ-Lactol Bis(tetrahydropyranyl) Ether (Formula XXXIII: M' is ##STR40##and ˜ is alpha or beta).

Refer to Chart B. a. The formula-XXX 3α-hydroxy compound (Example 2,1.35 g.) in 22 ml. of anhydrous methanol is stirred with potassiumcarbonate (0.48 g.) for 1 hr. at about 25° C. Then 15 ml. of chloroformis added and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. A solution ofthe residue in 70 ml. of chloroform is shaken with 10 ml. of watercontaining potassium hydrogen sulfate (0.5 g.), then with brine, andconcentrated. The residue is washed with several portions of SkellysolveB (isomeric hexanes) and dried to yield the formula-XXXI benzoyloxy-freecompound, i.e.3α,5α-dihydroxy-2β-(3α-hydroxy-4-phenoxy-trans-1-butenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneaceticacid, γ-lactone, 0.4 g.

b. The formula-XXXI compound from part a above is converted to theformula-XXXII bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether by reaction with 0.8 ml. ofdihydropyran in 10 ml. of dichloromethane in the presence of pyridinehydrochloride (about 0.03 g.). In about 2.5 hrs. the mixture is filteredand concentrated to the formula-XXXII product, 0.6 g.; having noinfrared absorption at 3300 cm⁻¹.

c. The title compound is prepared as follows. Diisobutylaluminumhydroxide (4.8 ml. of a 10% solution is toluene) is added dropwise to astirred solution of the formula-XXXII bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether frompart b above in 8 ml. of toluene cooled to -78° C. Stirring is continuedat -78° C. for 0.5 hr., whereupon a solution of 3 ml. of tetrahydrofuranand 1 ml. of water is added cautiously. After the mixture warms to 25°C. it is filtered and the filtrate washed with brine, dried, andconcentrated to the mixed alpha and beta hydroxy isomers of theformula-XXXIII title compounds, 0.33 g., having infrared absorption at3300 cm⁻¹.

Following the procedures of Example 3, but using the formula-XXX3β-hydroxy-4-phenoxy isomer of Example 2, there is obtained thecorresponding 3β-hydroxy formula-XXXIII compound, i.e. wherein M' is##STR41##

Likewise following the procedures of Example 3, each of the opticallyactive or racemic compounds corresponding to formula XXX describedfollowing Example 2 is transformed to an optically active or racemiccompound corresponding to formula XXXIII. There are thus obtained boththe 3α- and 3β-hydroxy isomers.

EXAMPLE 4

16-Phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α, 11,15-Bis(tetrahydropyranyl)Ether (Formula XXXIV: g is 3, M' is ##STR42##

Refer to Chart B. 4-Carboxybutyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (E. J.Corey et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 5677 (1969)) (0.9 g.) is added to asolution of sodio dimethylsulfinylcarbanide prepared from sodium hydride(0.195 g.) and 5 ml. of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). To this Wittig reagentis added dropwise a solution of the formula-XXXIII lactol (Example 3,0.33 g.) in 2 ml. of DMSO. The mixture is stirred at about 25° C. for 2hrs., then diluted with 20 ml. of benzene. To the mixture is added, withstirring, a solution of potassium hydrogen sulfate (0.7 g.) in 5 ml. ofwater. The organic layer is separated, washed with water and brine, thendried and concentrated to an oil, 1.7 g. This residue is subjected tosilica gel chromatography, eluting with 0-20% acetone indichloromethane. Those fractions shown by TLC to contain the productfree of starting material and impurities are combined and concentratedto yield the title compound, 0.3 g.; NMR peaks at 6.7-7.3, 5.2-5.75,4.6, and 3.68 δ.

EXAMPLE 5

16-Phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α (Formula XIV: g is 3; M is##STR43## R₁, R₂, and R₃ are hydrogen; and s is zero).

Refer to Chart B. A solution of the formula-XXXIV bis(tetrahydropyranyl)ether (Example 4, 0.3 g.) in 5 ml. of methanol, 0.2 ml. of hydrochloricacid, and 2 ml. of water is stirred at about 25° C. for 1.5 hrs. Thesolution is made basic to pH 8-9 with dilute sodium hydroxide andextracted with dichlormethane. The aqueous phase is then acidified to pH2 with dilute hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic phase is dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to anoil. The oil is chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with 0-10%methanol in ethyl acetate. Those fractions shown by TLC to contain theproduct free of starting material and impurities are combined andconcentrated to yield the title compound, 0.06 g.; mass spectral peaks(trimethylsilyl derivative) at 678, 663, 578, 561, 481, and 391; NMRpeaks at 6.7-7.3, 5.5-5.7, and 5.0-5.4 δ.

Following the procedures of Examples 4 and 5, each of the opticallyactive or racemic 3α-hydroxy compounds corresponding to formula XXXIIIdescribed following Example 3 is transformed to the correspondingbis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether and thence to the corresponding 16-phenoxy(or substituted-phenoxy)-PGF₁α type compound or racemic mixture. Thereare thus obtained the following compounds from the 3α-hydroxy isomers:

16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α

16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α

16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α

16-phenoxy-19,20-dinor-PGF₂α

16-ethyl-16-phenoxy-19,20-dinor-PGF₂α

16-methyl-16-phenoxy-19,20-dinor-PGF₂α

16-(p-tolyloxy)-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α

16-(p-fluorophenoxy)-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α

16-(o,p-dichlorophenoxy)-16-methyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α

16-(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-19,20-dinor-PGF₂.alpha.

16-methyl-16-(m-methoxyphenoxy)-19,20-dinor-PGF₂α and their racemicmixtures, for example dl-16-phenoxy-17,18,-19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α.

Likewise following the procedures of Examples 4 and 5 but employing theabove-described 3β-hydroxy compounds corresponding to formula XXXIII,there are obtained the corresponding 15β-epimers and their racemicmixtures for example:

16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-15β-PGF₂α

16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-15β-PGF₂α

16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-15β-PGF₂α

Following the procedures of Examples 4 and 5, but replacing4-carboxybutyltriphenylphosphonium bromide with a phosphonium bromidewithin the scope of HOOC-(CH₂)_(g+).sbsb.1 -P(C₆ H₅)₃ Br wherein g is 2,4, or 5, namely

3-carboxypropyltriphenylphosphonium bromide,

5-carboxypentyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, or

6-carboxyhexyltriphenylphosphonium bromide,

each of the optically active or racemic 3α-hydroxy compoundscorresponding to formula XXXIII described following Example 3 istransformed to a bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether corresponding to formulaXXXIV wherein the carboxy-terminated side chain has six, eight, or ninecarbon atoms, and, thence, to the corresponding 16-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy)-PGF₂α type compound or racemic mixture, forexample:

16-phenoxy-2,17,18,19,20-pentanor-PFG₂α

16-phenoxy-2a-homo-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α

16-methyl-16-phenoxy-2a,2b-dihomo-19,20-dinor-PFG₂α

16-phenoxy-2,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α

16-ethyl-16-phenoxy-2a-homo-19,20-dinor-PFG₂α

16-methyl-16-phenoxy-2a,2b-dihomo-19,20-dinor-PGF₂α

16-(p-tolyloxy)-2,17,18,19,20-pentanor-PGF₂α

16-(p-fluorophenoxy)-2a-homo-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α

16-(o,p-dichlorophenoxy)-16-methyl-2a,2b-dihomo-18,19,-20-trinor-PGF₂.alpha.

16-(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2,19,20-trinor-PGF₂.alpha.

16-methyl-16-(m-methoxyphenoxy)-2a-homo-19,20-dinor-PGF₂α

and their racemic mixtures, for exampledl-16-phenoxy-2,17,-18,19,20-pentanor-PGF₂α.

Likewise following the procedures of Examples 4 and 5 but employing withthe various phosphonium bromides the 3β-hydroxy compounds correspondingto formula XXXIII described following Example 3, there are obtained thecorresponding 15β epimers first as the bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ethers andthen as the PGF₂α type products and their racemic mixtures, for example

16-phenoxy-2,17,18,19,20-pentanor-15β-PGF₂α and

dl-16-phenoxy-2,17,18,19,20-pentanor-15β-PGF₂α.

EXAMPLE 6

16-Phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGE₂ Methyl Ester (Formula XIII: g is 3,M is ##STR44## R₁ is methyl, R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen, and s is zero).

Refer to Chart C. a. There is first prepared the methyl ester of theformula-XXXIV 11,15-bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether of16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor PGF₂α. A solution of that formula-XXXIVcompound (Example 4, 1.35 g.) in 10 ml. of diethyl ether is mixed with asolution of diazomethane (about 0.5 g.) in 25 ml. of diethyl ether andstirred for about 3 min. Two ml. of acetic acid is added, then about 50ml. of ether, and the solution shaken with aqueous sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic phase is concentrated under reduced pressure to anoil. The oil is chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with ethylacetate-Skellysolve B (isomeric hexanes) (3:1). The methyl ester isobtained, 0.42 g., NMR peak at 3.57 (singlet) δ, and infrared absorptionat 1745 cm⁻¹.

b. A solution of the product of step a (0.42 g.) in 12 ml. of acetone iscooled to about -20° C. and to it is added slowly 0.5 ml. of Jonesreagent (2.1 g. of chromium trioxide, 6 ml. of water, and 1.7 ml. ofconcentrated sulfuric acid). The mixture is stirred for 15 min., andthen shaken with 30 ml. of ice water and 200 ml. ofdichloromethane-diethyl ether (1:3). The organic phase is washed withcold dilute hydrochloric acid, cold water, and brine, then dried andconcentrated. The residue is the bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether of thetitle compound, an oil, 0.35 g., having infrared absorption at 1740cm⁻¹.

c. A solution of the product of step b in 9.5 ml. of acetic acid and 4.5ml. of water is stirred at 37°-39° C. for 2.5 hrs. The mixture isneutralized with sodium bicarbonate solution, then saturated with saltand shaken with dichloromethane-diethyl ether (1:3), dried andconcentrated. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with25% ethyl acetate in Skellysolve B (isomeric hexanes), and 0-6% methanolin ethyl acetate. The fractions shown by TLC to contain the desiredproduct free of starting material and impurities are combined andconcentrated to yield the title compound, 0.10 g.; NMR peaks at 7.5-6.6,5.7, 5.3, and 3.6 (singlet) δ; infrared absorption bands at 3300, 1740,and 1730 cm⁻¹ ; mass spectral peaks at (trimethylsilyl derivative) at546, 531, 515, 439, and 349.

EXAMPLE 7

16-Methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α (Formula XIV: g is 3, M is##STR45## R₁ is hydrogen, R₂ and R₃ are methyl, s is zero, and ˜ isalpha).

Refer to Chart B. a. There is first prepared dimethyl2-oxo-3-methyl-3-phenoxybutylphosphonate. For this purpose,2-methyl-2-phenoxypropionyl chloride is made by reaction of2-methyl-2-phenoxypropionic acid (50 g.) with thionyl chloride (82 g.),first at about 25° C., then on a steam bath, finally pumping off excessthionyl chloride with addition of toluene.

A solution of dimethyl methylphosphonate (69.5 g.) in 700 ml. oftetrahydrofuran is cooled to -75° C. under nitrogen and n-butyllithium(355 ml. of 1.6 molar solution in hexane) is added, keeping thetemperature below -55° C. The mixture is stirred for 10 min. and to itis slowly added a solution of the 2-methyl-2-phenoxypropionyl chlorideabove in 50 ml. of tetrahydrofuran, again keeping the temperature below-55° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at -75° C. for 2 hrs., then atabout 25° C. for 16 hrs. The mixture is acidified with acetic acid (25ml.), and the supernatant liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue is partitioned between water and dichloromethane-diethylether (3:1). The organic base is washed with brine, then with saturatedsodium bicarbonate, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. Furthertreatment by silica gel chromatography yields 55 g.; NMR peaks at6.74-7.4, 3.85, 3.65, 3.56, 3.21 and 1.45 (singlet) δ.

b. Following the procedures of Example 1, steps b and c, but utilizingthe above phosphonate instead of the dimethyl3-phenoxyacetonylphosphonate of that example, there is obtained thecorresponding formula-XXIX intermediate, i.e.3α-benzoyl-5α-hydroxy-2β-(3-oxo-4-methyl-4-phenoxytrans-1-pentenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneaceticacid, γ-lactone, 12.7 g.; m.p. 145°-147° C. (recrystallized from diethylether-pentane); NMR peaks at 6.62-7.65, 4.80, 5.46, 1.45, and 1.48 δ.

c. Following the procedure of Example 2, but utilizing the aboveformula-XXIX compound instead of the formula-XXIX compound of thatexample, there are obtained the corresponding formula-XXX α- andβ-hydroxy isomers i.e.3α-benzoyloxy-5α-hydroxy-2β-(3α-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-phenoxytrans-1-pentenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneaceticacid, γ-lactone, 7.7 g., m.p. 121°-122° C.; NMR peaks at 7.90-8.25,6.95-7.74, 5.85-5.95, 4.19-4.3, and 1.15 (singlet) δ; and3α-benzoyloxy-5α-hydroxy-2β-(3β-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-phenoxy-trans-1-pentenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneaceticacid, γ-lactone, 3.65 g., having similar NMR peaks.

d. Following the procedures of Example 3, the 3α-hydroxy intermediate ofstep c above (8.54 g.) is transformed first to the formula-XXXIbenzoyloxy-free compound, i.e.3α,5α-dihydroxy-2β-(3α-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-phenoxy-trans-1-pentenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneaceticacid, γ-lactone, 6.18 g.; m.p. 65°-66° C.; NMR peaks at 6.86-7.40,5.62-5.73, 3.47 (singlet) and 1.18 (singlet) δ. Next the correspondingformula-XXXII bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether is prepared following theprocedure of Example 3-b; yield 8.8 g.; infrared absorption spectrumfree of hydroxyl absorption at 3300 cm⁻¹. Then the formula-XXXIII lactolis prepared following the procedure of Example 3-c; yield of3α,5α-dihydroxy-2β-(3α-hydroxyl-4-methyl-4-phenoxy-trans-1-pentenyl)-1α-cyclopentaneacetaldehyde,γ-lactol, bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether, 9.16 g.; infrared absorptionspectrum free of γ-lactone absorption at 1760 cm⁻¹.

e. Following the procedures of Example 4, the lactol of step d above istransformed by the Wittig reaction, starting with 4carboxybutyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, to the correspondingformula-XXXIV bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether of the title compound, yield7.6 g.; NMRW peaks at 7.1-7.3, 6.4 (singlet), 5.3-5.82, 4.6-5.0, and3.3-4.3 δ.

f. A solution of the formula-XXXIV bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether of stepe above (2.4 l g.) in 50 ml. of acetic acid and 25 ml. of water isstirred at about 25° C. for 16 hrs. and then at 37°-39° C. for 1.5 hrs.The product is freeze-dried and then chromatographed on silica gel,eluting with 0-3% methanol in ethyl acetate. Those fractions shown byTLC to contain the product free of starting material and impurities arecombined and concentrated to yield the title compound, 0.60 g.; massspectral peaks (trimethylsilyl derivative) at 706, 691, 613, 601, 571and 481; NMR peaks at 6.95-7.45, 5.6-5.8, 5.0-5.6, and 3.4-5.0 δ.

EXAMPLE 8

16-Methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂ (Formula XIII: g is 3, M is##STR46## R₁ is hydrogen, R₂ and R₃ are methyl, and s is zero).

Refer to Chart C. A solution of the formula XXXIV16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α, 11,15-bis(tetrahydropyrayl)ether (Example 73, 5.2 g.) in 100 ml. of acetone is cooled to about -20°C. and to it is added slowly 5 ml. of Jones reagent. The mixture isstirred for 15 min., diluted with 600 ml. of ethyl acetate and 600 ml.of diethyl ether, and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and brine,then dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reducedpressure to an oil.

The above oil, which is the formula-XXXVII bis(tetrahydropyranyl) etherof the title compound, is dissolved in 80 ml. of acetic acid and 40 ml.of water and stirred at 40° C. for 2.5-3 hrs. The product is freezedried and then chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with 0.75-1.5%methanol in ethyl acetate. Those fractions shown by TLC to contain theproduct free of starting material and impurities are combined andconcentrated to yield the title compound, 2.0 g.; infrared absorptionbonds at 2700-3500, 1750, 1715, 1600, and 1500 cm⁻¹ ; NMR peaks at6.87-7.4, 6.35, 5.6-5.87, 5.2-5.5, 3.8-4.3 δ; mass spectral peaks(trimethylsilyl derivative) at 632, 617, 539, 527, and 497.

Following the procedures of Example 8, each of thebis(tetrahydropyranyl) ethers corresponding to formula XXXIV describedfollowing Example 5 is transformed to the corresponding 16-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy)-PGE₂ type compound or its racemic mixtures, forexample

16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGE₂

16-phenoxy-2,17,18,19,20-pentanor-PGE₂

dl-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGE₂ and

dl-16-phenoxy-2,17,18,19,20-pentanor-PGE₂.

From the 15β-epimers are obtained the corresponding 15β-PGE₂ typeepimers, for example

: 16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-15β-PGE₂ and

dl-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-15β-PGE₂.

As in Example 8, there is first obtained the bis(tetrahydropyranyl)ether of the PGE₂ type compound in each instance.

EXAMPLE 9

16-Methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGE₂, Methyl Ester (Formula XIII: gis 3; M is ##STR47## R₁, R₂, and R₃ are methyl; and s is zero), and16-Methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGA₂, Methyl Ester (Formula XVI: gis 3; M is ##STR48## R₁, R₂, and R₃ are methyl; and s is zero).

Refer to Chart C. a. Following the procedure of Example 6a, and usingthe product of Example 7e above, there is first prepared theformula-XXXVI methyl ester of16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α,11,15-bis-(tetrahydropyranyl) ether, in quantitative yield, having R_(f)=0.8 on silica gel (using as TLC solvent system the organic phase from500 ml. ethyl acetate, 5 ml. methanol, and 50 ml. water, well-shaken).

b. Following the procedure of Example 6b, the methyl ester of part a,above, (9.8 g.) is oxidized with Jones reagent to the corresponding PGE₂-type product.

c. The formula-XXXVII 16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGE₂,11,15-bis(tetrahydropranyl) ether, methyl ester of part b above is takenup in 210 ml. of acetic acid, 105 ml. of water, and 35 ml. oftetrahydrofuran. The solution is stirred at 40°-45° C. for 4 hrs., thenfreeze-dried. The residue is taken up in diethyl ether, washed withcold, dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, dried, and concentrated to amixture of the title compound, 6.2 g.

d. The mixture from part c is chromatographed on silica gel (800 g.) wetpacked in ethyl acetate-hexane (1:1). The column is eluted in 60 ml.fractions with the following solvent mixtures: fractions 1-20, 60% ethylacetate-40% hexane; fractions 21-40, 70% ethyl acetate-30% hexane;fractions 41-60, 80% ethyl acetate-20% hexane; fractions 61-80, ethylacetate; fractions 81-100, 2% methanol in ethyl acetate. Fractions 34-44yield the formula-XVI PGA₂ -type title compound, 0.48 g.; NMR peaks at7.56, 7.52, 7.48, 7.44, 6.24, 6.20, 6.14, 6.10, 7.31-6.86, 5.82-5.65,5.48-5.30, 3.63 (singlet) and 1.28 (singlet) δ; mass spectral peaks(trimethylsilyl derivative) at 484, 453, 451, 407, 391, 350, 260, and135. Fractions 73-100 yield the formula-XIII PGE₂ -type title compound,3.0 g.; NMR peaks at 7.30-6.87, 5.82-5.65, 5.48-5.30, 3.64 (singlet),1.25, and 1.21 δ; mass spectral peaks (trimethylsilyl derivative) at574, 543, 484, 481, 469, 439, 391, and 135.

EXAMPLE 10

16-Methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α, Methyl Ester (Formula XIV: gis 3; M is ##STR49## R₁, R₂, and R₃ are methyl; s is zero; and ˜ isalpha).

A solution of 16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂α,11,15-bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether, methyl ester (Example 9a, 4.0 g.) in90 ml. of acetic acid, 45 ml. of water and 15 ml. of tetrahydrofuran isstirred at 40°-45° C. for 4 hrs. The reaction mixture is diluted with150 ml. of water, frozen, and lyophilized. The residue is taken up inether and washed with ice-cold dilute sodium bicarbonate solution. Theorganic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel, elutingwith 0-20% methanol in ethyl acetate. Those fractions shown by TLC tocontain the product free of starting material and impurities arecombined and concentrated to yield the title compound, 2.08 g.; NMRpeaks at 7.38-6.86, 5.72-5.62, 5.50-5.28, 3.66 (singlet), and 1.22(singlet) δ; mass spectral peaks (trimethylsilyl derivative) at 633,617, 555, 513, 423, and 135.

EXAMPLE 11

16-Methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGF₂β (Formula XV: g is 3; M is##STR50## R₁ is hydrogen; R₂, and R₃ are methyl; and s is zero).

Refer to Chart D. A solution of sodium borohydride (300 mg.) in 6 ml. ofice-cold methanol is added to a solution of16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGE₂ (Example 8, 650 mg.) in 30 ml.of methanol at -5° C. The mixture is stirred for an additional 5 min.,made slightly acidic with acetic acid, and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue is extracted with dichloromethane and the organicphase is washed with water, dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate, andbrine, then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reducedpressure. This residue is chromatographed over silica gel, eluting with0-10% ethanol in ethyl acetate. Those fractions containing the titlecompound free of starting material and impurities, as shown by TLC, arecombined and concentrated to yield the formula-XV title compound. Inother fractions the corresponding formula XIV PGF₂α -type compound isobtained.

Following the procedure of Example 11, each of the 16-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy)-PGE₂ type compounds, their 15β epimers, andracemates described following Example 8 is transformed to thecorresponding 16-phenoxy (or substituted-phenoxy)-PGF₂β type compound or15β epimer or racemic mixture. There are also obtained the correspondingPGF₂α -type compounds.

EXAMPLE 12

16-Phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGA₂ (Formula XVI: g is 3; M is##STR51## R₁, R₂, and R₃ are hydrogen; and s is zero).

Refer to Chart D. A solution of 16-phenoxy-17,18,19-20-tetranor-PGE₂methyl ester (Example 6, 300 mg.), 4 ml. of tetrahydrofuran and 4 ml. of0.5 N. hydrochloric acid is left standing at 25° C. for 5 days. Brineand dichloromethane-ether (1:3) are added and the mixture is stirred.The organic phase is separated, dried, and concentrated. The residue isdissolved in diethyl ether and the solution is extracted with saturatedaqueous sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous phase is acidified with dilutehydrochloric acid and then extracted with dichloromethane. This extractis dried and concentrated to yield the formula-XVI title compound.

Following the procedure of Example 12, each of the 16-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy)-PGE₂ type compounds, 15β epimers, and racemates,described following Example 8 is transformed to the corresponding16-phenoxy (or substituted-phenoxy)-PGA₂ type compound or 15β epimer orracemic mixture.

EXAMPLE 13

16-Phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGB₂ (Formula XVII: g is 3; M is##STR52## R₁, R₂, and R₃ are hydrogen; and s is zero).

Refer to Chart D. A solution of 16-phenoxy-17,18,19,-20-tetranor-PGE₂methyl ester (Example 6, 200 mg.) in 100 ml. of 50% aqueous ethanolcontaining about one gram of potassium hydroxide is kept at 25° C. for10 hrs. under nitrogen. The solution is then cooled to 10° C. andneutralized by addition of 3 N. hydrochloric acid at 10° C. Theresulting solution is extracted repeatedly with ethyl acetate, and thecombined ethyl acetate extracts are washed with water and then withbrine, dried, and concentrated to yield the formula-XVII title compound.

Following the procedure of Example 13, each of the 16-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy)-PGE₂ type compounds, their 15β epimers, andracemates, described following Example 8 is transformed to thecorresponding 16-phenoxy (or substituted-phenoxy)-PGB₂ type compound or15β epimer or racemic mixture.

EXAMPLE 14

16-Methyl-16-Phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGE₁ (Formula VIII: g is 3; M is##STR53## R₁ is hydrogen; R₂ ad R₃ are methyl; and s is zero) and16-Methyl-16-Phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-13,14-dihydro-PGE₁ (Formula XVIII:g is 3; M is ##STR54## R₁ is hydrogen; R₂ and R₃ are methyl; and s iszero).

A mixture of the formula-XXXVII bis(tetrahydropyranyl) ether of16-methyl-16-phenoxy-18,19,20-trinor-PGE₂ (Example 8, 220 mg.), 5%rhodium-on-alumina catalyst (40 mg.), and 16 ml. of ethyl acetate isstirred under one atmosphere of hydrogen at about 0° C. untilsubstantially all of the starting material has been used, as shown byTLC. The mixture is filtered to remove catalyst, and the filtrate isconcentrated. The residue is dissolved in 1 ml. of tetrahydrofuran and 6ml. of 66% acetic acid and the mixture is warmed to 50° C. for 2.5 hrs.The mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue ischromatographed over silica gel, eluting with the upper layer of amixture of ethyl acetate-acetic acid-Skellysolve B (isomerichexanes)-water (90:20:50:100). Those fractions shown by TLC to containthe title compounds free of starting material and impurities arecombined and concentrated to yield the title compounds.

Following the procedure of Example 14, each of the PGE₂ -typebis(tetrahydropyranyl) ethers described following Example 8 istransformed to the corresponding 16-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy)-PGE₁ type or 13,14-dihydro-PGE₁ type compound, 15βepimer, or racemate.

EXAMPLE 15

16-Phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-13,14-dihydro-PGE₁ Methyl Ester (FormulaXVIII: g is 3; M is ##STR55## R₁ is methyl; R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen; ands is zero).

A solution of 16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGE₂ methyl ester (Example6, 100 mg.) in 10 ml. of ethyl acetate is shaken with hydrogen at aboutone atmosphere presssure at 25° C. in the presence of a 5%palladium-on-charcoal catalyst (15 mg.). Two equivalents of hydrogen areused, whereupon the hydrogenation is stopped and the catalyst is removedby filtration. The filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure andthe residue is chromatographed on silica gel, eluting with ethylacetate-Skellysolve B (isomeric hexanes) ranging from 50-100% ethylacetate. Those fractions shown by TLC to contain the desired productfree of starting material and impurities are combined and concentratedto give the title compound.

Following the procedures of Examples 11, 12, and 13, each of the16-phenoxy (or substituted-phenoxy)-PGE₁ type or 13,14-dihydro-PGE₁ typecompounds, 15β epimers or racemates described in and following Examples14 and 15 is transformed respectively to the corresponding 16-phenoxy(or substituted-phenoxy)-PGF₁α, -PGF₁β, -PGA₁, or PGB₁ type or16-phenoxy (or substituted-phenoxy)-13,14-dihydro-PGF₁α, -PGF₁β, -PGA₁,or -PGB₁ type compound, 15β epimer or racemate.

EXAMPLE 16

16-Phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α Methyl Ester (Formula XIV: g is 3,M is ##STR56## R₁ is methyl, R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen, s is zero and ˜ isalpha).

A solution of diazomethane (about 0.5 g.) in 25 ml. of diethyl ether isadded to a solution of 16-phenoxy-17,18-19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α (Example 5,50 mg.) in 25 ml. of a mixture of methanol and diethyl ether (1:1).After the mixture has stood at about 25° C. for 5 min., it isconcentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound.

Following the procedure of Example 16, each of the other 16-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy)-PGF-type, PGE-type, PGA-type, and PGB-type freeacids and also their 15β-epimers and racemates defined above isconverted to the corresponding methyl ester.

Likewise following the procedure of Example 16, but replacingdiazomethane with diazoethane, diazobutane, 1-diazo-2-ethylhexane, anddiazodecane, there are obtained the corresponding ethyl, butyl,γ-ethylhexyl, and decyl esters of 16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α.In the same manner, each of the other 16-phenoxy (orsubstituted-phenoxy)-PGF-type, PGE-type, PGA-type, and PGB-type freeacids and also their 15β-epimers and racemates defined above isconverted to the corresponding ethyl, butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and decylesters.

EXAMPLE 17

16-Phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α Sodium Salt.

A solution of 16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α (Example 5, 100 mg.)in 50 ml. of a water-ethanol mixture (1:1) is cooled to 5° C. andneutralized with an equivalent amount of 0.1 N. aqueous sodium hydroxidesolution. The neutral solution is concentrated to a residue of the titlecompound.

Following the procedure of Example 17 but using potassium hydroxide,calcium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, andbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide in place of sodium hydroxide, thereare obtained the corresponding salts of16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-PGF₂α.

Likewise following the procedure of Example 17 each of the 16-phenoxy(or substituted-phenoxy) PGE-type, PGF-type, PGA-type, and PGB-type acidand also their 15β-epimers and racemates defined above is transformed tothe sodium, potassium, calcium, tetramethylammonium, andbenzyltrimethylammonium salts.

I claim:
 1. An optically active compound of the formula: ##STR57## or aracemic compound of that formula and the mirror image thereof, whereinM" is ##STR58## wherein R₈ is hydrogen or tetrahydropyranyl; wherein R₂and R₃ are hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, being the same or different;wherein T is alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive, fluoro, chloro,trifluoromethyl, or --OR₄ wherein R₄ is alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms,inclusive; and wherein s is zero, one, 2, or 3, with the proviso thatnot more than two T's are other than alkyl.
 2. A compound according toclaim 1 wherein M" is ##STR59##
 3. A compound according to claim 2wherein R₈ is hydrogen.
 4. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R₂and R₃ are hydrogen and s is zero.
 5. A compound according to claim 1wherein R₂ and R₃ are methyl and s is zero.
 6. The compound of theformula: ##STR60## wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen or lower alkyl andwherein R₃ is hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, ormethoxy.
 7. An optically active compound of the formula ##STR61## or aracemic compound of that formula and the mirror image thereof, wherein Mis ##STR62## wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen or lower alkyl, and whereinR₃ is hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, or methoxy. 8.A prostanoic acid derivative of the formula ##STR63## wherein R^(a) iscarboxy or alkoxycarbonyl of up to 11 carbon atoms; R^(b) is hydroxy;R^(c) is hydrogen; R³ is hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro,trifluoromethyl, or methoxy; wherein R¹ and R² are hydrogen or loweralkyl.
 9. A prostanoic acid derivative of the formula ##STR64## whereinR^(a) is carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl of up to 11 carbon atoms; R^(b) andR^(c) together are oxo; R³ is hydrogen, methyl, fluoro, chloro,trifluoromethyl, or methoxy; and wherein R¹ and R² are hydrogen or loweralkyl.